Silicone softeners are widely used in the textile industry and have significant effects. The following is a concise analysis of their effects:
1. Main ingredients and effects
Silicone softeners are mainly composed of polysiloxanes and their derivatives, usually in the form of emulsions or microemulsions. They can give fabrics a soft and smooth feel, enhance gloss, wear resistance and elasticity, and have anti-fouling and anti-wrinkle properties. These characteristics make silicone softeners play an important role in the finishing of natural and synthetic fibers.
2. Classification and characteristics
Silicone softeners can be divided into three generations according to their structure and function:
Inactive silicone softeners: represented by dimethyl silicone oil, are the first generation of products. Although they can improve softness and heat resistance, they have no chemical reaction with fibers and poor washability.
Active silicone softeners: Hydroxyl groups are introduced at both ends of dimethyl polysiloxane to make it hydrophilic, becoming the second generation product. This type of softener can be used alone or cross-linked to give fabrics waterproof and washable properties.
Modified silicone softener: By introducing other active groups, it gives fabrics special functions such as antistatic, anti-oil and hydrophilicity, becoming the third generation product. This type of softener has a wider range of applications and is suitable for high-end fabric finishing.
Among them, there are many types of modified silicone softeners, each with its own characteristics:
Amino modification: Improve elasticity, washability and mechanical properties, but easy to yellow.
Epoxy modification: Good durability and softness, but smoothness and water absorption need to be improved.
Polyether modification: Excellent anti-fouling and antistatic properties, good biocompatibility.
Mixed modification: Has multiple advantages and excellent comprehensive performance.
Carboxyl, thiol, alcohol, and ester group modifications: Improve dyeability, heat resistance, and water resistance, respectively, give shrinkage resistance and lubricity, and improve softness, smoothness, and elasticity.